{"id":300,"date":"2018-08-25T18:19:43","date_gmt":"2018-08-25T18:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/?p=300"},"modified":"2019-06-11T18:41:29","modified_gmt":"2019-06-11T18:41:29","slug":"the-dangers-of-ignoring-cognitive-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/the-dangers-of-ignoring-cognitive-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dangers of Ignoring Cognitive Inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is a <a href=\"https:\/\/quillette.com\/2018\/08\/25\/the-dangers-of-ignoring-cognitive-inequality\/\">repost<\/a> of an article originally appearing in Quillette.<\/p>\n<p>On Sunday 28 April 1996, Martin Bryant was awoken by his alarm at 6am. He said goodbye to his girlfriend as she left the house, ate some breakfast, and set the burglar alarm before leaving his Hobart residence, as usual. He stopped briefly to purchase a coffee in the small town of Forcett, where he asked the cashier to \u201cboil the kettle less time.\u201d He then drove to the nearby town of Port Arthur, originally a colonial-era convict settlement populated only by a few hundred people. It was here that Bryant would go on to use the two rifles and a shotgun stashed inside a sports bag on the passenger seat of his car to perpetrate the worst massacre in modern Australian history. By the time it was over, 35 people were dead and a further 23 were left wounded.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"fitvid542404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kvWhl7tMcWA\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Astoundingly, Bryant was caught alive. He was arrested fleeing a fire at the house into which he had barricaded himself during a shootout with the police. He later pled guilty to a list of charges <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geniac.net\/portarthur\/sentence.htm\">described as \u201cunprecedented\u201d<\/a> by the standing judge, and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole, thus sparing his victims and other survivors the suffering (and perhaps the catharsis) of a protracted trial.\u00a0Yet, in spite of his guilty plea, Bryant did not take the opportunity provided by his official statement to offer any motive for his atrocities. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-3479014\/Chilling-footage-Martin-Bryant-interrogated-shows-moment-admits-carrying-Australia-worst-mass-murder-thought-camera-off.html\">Instead, he joked<\/a> \u201cI\u2019m sure you\u2019ll find the person who caused all this,\u201d before mouthing the word \u2018me.\u2019\u00a0Intense media speculation followed, the main focus of which was Bryant\u2019s history of behavioral difficulties. These were offered as possible evidence of a psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia (which would have been far from sufficient to serve as a causal explanation for his crimes). However, the most notable and concrete fact of <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170830073132\/http:\/\/kildall.apana.org.au\/autism\/articles\/bryant.html\">Bryant\u2019s psychological condition<\/a> was his extremely low IQ of 66\u2014well within the range for mental disability.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_83322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83322 size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20215229\/Lascar_Monument_to_Port_Arthur_massacre_4551992467.jpg?resize=1023%2C767&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20215229\/Lascar_Monument_to_Port_Arthur_massacre_4551992467.jpg?resize=1023%2C767&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20215229\/Lascar_Monument_to_Port_Arthur_massacre_4551992467.jpg?resize=1023%2C767&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20215229\/Lascar_Monument_to_Port_Arthur_massacre_4551992467.jpg?resize=1023%2C767&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20215229\/Lascar_Monument_to_Port_Arthur_massacre_4551992467.jpg?resize=1023%2C767&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1023\" height=\"767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83322\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-83322\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lascar Monument to Port Arthur massacre (wikicommons)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>IQ scores are classified in a number of ways, all of which are broadly similar. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) establishes seven categories of IQ scores. Most of us fall into the \u2018Average\u2019 band, constituted by the 90-109 range. Those achieving scores of 130 or higher are considered \u2018Very Superior.\u2019 Conversely, scores of 69 and under are classified as \u2018Extremely Low,\u2019 and automatically qualify the scorer for a diagnosis of \u2018mild retardation\u2019 according to the APA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/afp\/2000\/0215\/p1059.html\">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/a>. It is into this band that Bryant\u2019s score falls.<\/p>\n<p>The connection between intelligence and behavioral problems, such as Conduct Disorder (CD) or Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), was well-known around the time of the Port Arthur Massacre. A <a href=\"http:\/\/cfapps.jhsph.edu\/weaton\/MDRF\/Hconduct.pdf\">review by biostatistician and UCSD professor Sonia Jain<\/a> cites contemporaneous studies to suggest that low IQ scores in childhood should be considered a risk factor for APD and CD. In 2010, several psychologists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4170757\/\">published results from a longitudinal study<\/a> containing data on over a million Swedish men, who were tracked from conscription for a little over 20 years.\u00a0They found that IQ scores tested during conscription were a significant and robust predictor, not only for APD or CD, but for all categories of mental disorders. Conscripts with low IQ were substantially more likely to be diagnosed with one or more mental disorders, to suffer from mood and personality disorders, and to be hospitalized for mental illness. Those in the lowest band\u2014like Bryant\u2014were most at risk of severe psychological disorders.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_83323\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 486px;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83323 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20221434\/emss-60254-f0001.jpg?resize=800%2C952&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20221434\/emss-60254-f0001.jpg?resize=800%2C952&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20221434\/emss-60254-f0001.jpg?resize=800%2C952&amp;ssl=1 252w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20221434\/emss-60254-f0001.jpg?resize=800%2C952&amp;ssl=1 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"578\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83323\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-83323\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">a &amp; b: Hazard ratios for admission for different categories of psychiatric disorder according to nine-point IQ scale. Highest IQ score (coded as 9) is the reference group. Estimates are adjusted for age at conscription, birth year, conscription testing centre, parental age and parental socioconomic status. (n=1,049,663)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>While these correlations are concerning, they do not offer an explanation for Bryant\u2019s atrocities. In a population where intelligence is normally distributed with a mean of 100, a little over two percent of people would attain IQ scores close to Bryant. A further 15 percent would receive IQ scores somewhere below 84\u2014well beyond the threshold for disqualification in the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), used to determine suitability for admission into the US Army until 1980. Careers for those below this level are extremely rare\u2014a fact that might help explain the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047235216300034\">correlation between low IQ and an enhanced risk of criminal offending<\/a>, given the scarcity of well-paid jobs for those with an IQ of below 84.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>But much of this correlation is due to street-level petty and violent offenses, not mass murder, and it would be abhorrent\u2014obscene, even\u2014to suggest that people with a low IQ should be treated with suspicion, or as murderers-in-waiting. In almost all cases, these individuals pose a risk to no one but themselves, and are more likely to fall prey to victimization by others. On the other hand, it is equally irresponsible to ignore the specific difficulties which those with a low IQ face. The consequences of this wishful thinking\u2014however noble in intent\u2014can be devastating.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the best example is offered by the recent history of the Cold War. While the American military-industrial complex was sufficiently sophisticated to provide the United States with all the arms and armaments it could possibly hope for, there are always things that money cannot buy. In this case, it was bodies\u2014young American men needed to fight on the ground in 1960s-era Vietnam, where they found the most unforgiving of battlefields among the region\u2019s unassuming jungles and innocuous rice paddies. The unusually high attrition rate of soldiers posted there, as well as the frequent use of student deferments or feigned illness to dodge the draft (President Trump\u2019s excuse of \u2018temporary bone spurs\u2019 constitutes one particularly famous example), resulted in a shortage of men which meant that more troops were needed than the nation was able to supply.<\/p>\n<p>The government was confounded by this problem for some time, attempting halfhearted crackdowns on draft dodgers as a temporary solution, until Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara arrived at a more permanent workaround. The US government would draft men whose low IQ scores had hitherto disqualified them from military service. This stratagem\u2014codenamed \u2018Project 100,000\u2019\u2014is detailed along with its dreadful consequences in the book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/McNamaras-Folly-Low-IQ-Troops-Vietnam-ebook\/dp\/B0108H60MG\" data-amzn-asin=\"B0108H60MG\"><em>McNamara\u2019s Folly<\/em><\/a> by the late Hamilton Gregory. Gregory witnessed the fate of the low-IQ draftees firsthand while he was a soldier in Vietnam. These draftees\u2014cruelly nicknamed \u2018McNamara\u2019s Morons\u2019\u2014were generally capable of completing simple tasks, but even a simple task imperfectly executed can be disastrous in warfare.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_83325\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83325 size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20225559\/34567230276_caacefa4ac_h.jpg?resize=1023%2C670&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20225559\/34567230276_caacefa4ac_h.jpg?resize=1023%2C670&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20225559\/34567230276_caacefa4ac_h.jpg?resize=1023%2C670&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20225559\/34567230276_caacefa4ac_h.jpg?resize=1023%2C670&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20225559\/34567230276_caacefa4ac_h.jpg?resize=1023%2C670&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1023\" height=\"670\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83325\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-83325\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara at a press conference on Vietnam (26 April, 1965)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A case study in the book is \u2018Jerry\u2019 (not his real name). Jerry was a draftee from the 100,000 who had been assigned guard duty in a camp by the Quan Loi Green Line. Jerry\u2019s task was to challenge anyone approaching the camp by calling: \u201cHalt! Who goes there?\u201d followed by \u201cAdvance and be recognized!\u201d once a response had been obtained. This task was minimally demanding due to the clearly visible differences between an American soldier and the average Vietcong guerrilla. But when a well-liked American officer returned to camp, Jerry bungled his instructions. Upon seeing the officer approaching, he yelled \u201cHalt!\u201d and then opened fire, killing the man where he stood. Jerry subsequently disappeared in what was either an act of remorseful abscondence or murder by outraged members of his battalion. In another case described by Gregory, one of the \u2018morons\u2019 played a joke on his squadmates by throwing a disarmed hand grenade at them. Despite being beaten up for it, he found this prank so amusing that he repeated it every day until the inevitable happened; he forgot to disarm the grenade, causing the deaths of two soldiers and the grievous wounding of several more.<\/p>\n<p>What happened to many of the 100,000 (whose actual total exceeded 350,000) is not hard to predict. \u201cTo survive in combat you had to be smart,\u201d Gregory writes. \u201cYou had to know how to use your rifle effectively and keep it clean and operable, how to navigate through jungles and rice paddies without alerting the enemy, and how to communicate and cooperate with other members of your team.\u201d Fulfilling all or any one of these minimum requirements for survival in a battlefield is contingent upon a certain level of verbal and visuospatial intelligence, which many of McNamara\u2019s draftees did not possess. This ultimately led to their fatality rate in Vietnam exceeding that of other GIs by a factor of three.<\/p>\n<p>The danger of physical harm faced by those with a low IQ is not restricted to the battlefield. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160289616302331?via%3Dihub\">A 2016 study by four psychologists<\/a> using data from the Danish Conscription Database (containing 728,160 men) revealed low IQ to be a risk factor for almost all causes of death. A drop in IQ by a single standard deviation (roughly 15 points) was associated with a 28 percent increase in mortality risk. The association between low IQ and mortality was particularly great for homicide and respiratory disease (such as lung cancer). The high homicide rate could reflect a predisposition for those of low IQ to find themselves in dangerous situations, perhaps due to a lack of economic opportunity or an increased likelihood of being victimized by predatory individuals. Similar features could explain the prevalence of respiratory disease, which may be a product of high rates of smoking as well as a greater likelihood of inhabiting more polluted industrial areas where it\u2019s easier to find low-skilled work. Clearly, being born with a low IQ is sufficient to set one up for an unlucky and unhappy life. But could low IQ have contributed to\u2014not explain, but be a factor in\u2014the massacre committed by Martin Bryant?<\/p>\n<p>To answer this question, we have to transcend mere correlations between IQ and different types of outcome, and consider that those with low IQ are much more likely to experience misfortune in seemingly every endeavor. Having intelligence is what allows us to operate in the world\u2014both on our own, and within the societies we inhabit. Those lucky enough to have a high IQ have an easier time at dispatching the various challenges they face, and thus naturally rise within hierarchies of competence. We can imagine any number of these hierarchies, most of which are unimportant (the hierarchy of Rubik\u2019s Cube solvency speed, for example, is probably irrelevant), but all of which require some degree of intelligence. Furthermore, some of these areas of success\u2014such as friendship groups, romantic relationships, and professional employment\u2014are so fundamental to the individual pursuit of happiness that to be unable to progress in them is profoundly damaging to one\u2019s sense of well-being and intrinsic self-worth.<\/p>\n<p>This means that having a low IQ doesn\u2019t only make you more likely to get killed or fall victim to an accident. It also means you\u2019re more likely to undergo difficulties in progressing up every ladder in life. You\u2019ll often feel permanently \u2018stuck at zero\u2019\u2014unable to improve or change your position. Most of us will experience this feeling at least a few times in our lives, whether encountered in school (being unable to break the \u2018A-grade\u2019), in our social lives (being unable to establish or maintain a successful romantic relationship), or in comparatively trivial areas. Yet most of the time, it is transient\u2014passing when we switch our efforts to a new endeavor, or after devising a way to solve the problem. Very few of us know what it is like to have that feeling almost all of the time\u2014to have a large proportion of one\u2019s attempts at self-betterment or advancement frustrated by forces that seem to be beyond our control. Being trapped in such a dismal psychological state for only a brief interval can lead to anxiety, depression, or dependence. In some, this feeling of \u2018being stuck at zero\u2019 (that the world is manifestly unfair and against them) will lead to resentment\u2014and resentment can turn into murderousness.<\/p>\n<p>Martin Bryant\u2019s life, characterized by\u00a0loneliness, depression, and numerous frustrated attempts at making friends, is replete with examples that follow this pattern. Clearly,\u00a0his actions mark him as an extreme outlier among those with low IQ\u2014but his troubled life experiences are distressingly representative. Four in 30 children in classrooms across America are made to compete with their peers for grades and university places in spite of low IQ and with little success. And, like them, Bryant found society\u2019s\u00a0\u2018normal\u2019 to be simply unobtainable.\u00a0Because the role of cognitive ability is de-emphasized in childhood success, and often treated as a function of effort, children in these circumstances can find themselves trying harder than every other child in the classroom, while still being\u00a0admonished to\u00a0\u2018try harder.\u2019 While wise caregivers abstain from blaming these children outright for their failures, a taboo on acknowledging the importance of intelligence\u00a0means that low IQ individuals themselves may be unaware of their condition or its full ramifications, making them likely to engage in repeated self-blaming injurious to self-esteem and mental stability.<\/p>\n<p>None of this is to suggest that those with low IQ, or those who experience a duration of being \u2018stuck\u2019 due to their cognitive limitations, should be viewed as <em>likely<\/em> to break the law or <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0306624X8703100309\">engage in violent crime<\/a>. But it\u2019s one possible explanation for the fact that those with a low IQ are <em>more likel<\/em>y to do so than those with an average or high IQ. And the uncomfortable reality is that the resentful, in this case, are somewhat correct in their analysis\u2014they have been set up in a game rigged against them from the very start. Recent research in genomics has confirmed this: a 2018 study in <em>Nature<\/em><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/quillette.com\/2018\/08\/25\/the-dangers-of-ignoring-cognitive-inequality\/#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref10\">1<\/a><\/sup> used genes sequenced from over a million individuals to examine the genetic contributions to educational attainment. This process allows for the construction of profiles for individual ability by evaluating polygenic scores (PGS). In this study, those within the highest PGS quintile had around a 50 percent likelihood of graduating from college; those in the lowest bracket, only 10 percent.\u00a0Yet none of this difference in\u00a0\u2018genetic quality\u2019 can be accounted for by individual merit or\u00a0achievement. It is a difference of crucial importance, yet it is determined for us as individuals by luck alone.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_83330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-83330 size-full jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20234611\/Fig2.png?resize=545%2C460&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20234611\/Fig2.png?resize=545%2C460&amp;ssl=1 545w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/d24fkeqntp1r7r.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/20234611\/Fig2.png?resize=545%2C460&amp;ssl=1 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"545\" height=\"460\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83330\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-83330\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polygenic Scores from the Nature study (2018)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>While generous welfare systems in Western countries do provide benefits to those most disadvantaged by the cognitive lottery, a much larger proportion do not qualify for any assistance at all. Instead, those with IQs below 84 are often forced to work arduous manual labor jobs, since they are unlikely to possess the array of qualifications required for non-manual work. These occupations make them the most marginalized in our complex capitalist society\u2014and even those employment opportunities are shrinking under the unrelenting pressure for lower costs and greater efficiency. Job categories like driver, cleaner, and assembly line worker are rapidly disappearing due to automation, leaving those with low IQ nowhere else to go. While most of us delight at the luxurious comforts heralded by the ongoing automation revolution, these same comforts\u2014such as self-driving cars, autonomous vacuum cleaners, and robotized assembly lines\u2014are poised to render a cognitively vulnerable 15 percent of the population unemployed and unemployable.<\/p>\n<p>What exactly are we doing to rectify or alleviate cognitive inequality? The answer, of course, is that we ignore it and hope it will go away.\u00a0Continuing to force large numbers of\u00a0cognitively underprivileged children through the\u00a0arduous challenges of the standard education system is only perpetuating the devastating legacy of intelligence denialism.\u00a0By pretending away the fact of IQ differences,\u00a0McNamara drafted the intellectually challenged into a warzone more challenging and lethal than anything they would have faced at home and thereby caused the needless deaths of thousands. Furthermore, his initiative left tens of thousands of survivors with debilitating psychological conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder and cruelly deprived many thousands of parents and relatives of the chance to see a beloved family member grow old. The apparent fair-mindedness in this act of conservative blank-slatism is belied by its atrocious outcomes, which render it morally indefensible.<\/p>\n<p>Yet while McNamara\u2019s policy has been called \u201ca crime against the mentally disabled,\u201d few have considered what crime might be constituted by our indifference to the cognitively underprivileged within our own societies. Fifty years after McNamara and 20 years after Martin Bryant, we have not yet begun to ask the question: is it really fair for one person to be born with an intellectual assurance of success in navigating the challenges of a twenty-first century society, while another is born almost certain to fail? Until we accept that people with low IQ exist, and that the ramifications of their condition are indeed severe, how can we even begin to discuss what might be done to alleviate their suffering? The importance of cognitive ability for life success in our technologically complex society makes answering that question a moral imperative\u2014but economic and political leaders have shown scant interest in this issue. Despite the fact that low IQ is correlated with negative outcomes in a large number of areas and afflicts around 15 percent of the population, we seem incapable of treating it like any other public health problem.<\/p>\n<p>Simply wishing away the fact that the genetic and environmental circumstances of a person\u2019s birth inevitably endows everyone\u2014for better or worse\u2014with a personality, a level of sociability, and an intelligence is a form of denialism that serves only our urge for moral exculpation. Pretending that those burdened with low IQ are just lazy, or lack the appropriate motivation, is a way of absolving ourselves of responsibility to help them. Accepting that intelligence exists, that intelligence matters, and that the less intelligent are equal to us in moral worth and value and thus ought to be helped, constitute the first steps in addressing this increasingly urgent need to fully accommodate the cognitively underprivileged.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a repost of an article originally appearing in Quillette. On Sunday 28 April 1996, Martin Bryant was awoken by his alarm at 6am. He said goodbye to his girlfriend as she left the house, ate some breakfast, and set the burglar alarm before leaving his Hobart residence, as usual. He stopped briefly to &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/the-dangers-of-ignoring-cognitive-inequality\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Dangers of Ignoring Cognitive Inequality<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,26,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-philosophy","category-repost","category-science"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=300"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300\/revisions\/303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/coevolutionist.com\/muse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}